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Frozen Gaussian approximation for 3 D seismic tomography. Three-dimensional 3 D wave-equation-based seismic tomography is computationally challenging in large scales and high-frequency regime. In this paper, we apply the frozen Gaussian approximation FGA method to compute 3 D sensitivity kernels and seismic tomography of high-frequency. Rather than standard ray theory used in seismic inversion e. Kirchhoff migration and Gaussian beam migrationFGA is used to compute the 3 D high-frequency sensitivity kernels for travel-time or full waveform inversions.
Moreover, a fast summation method is proposed based on local fast Fourier transform which greatly improves the speed of reconstruction windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn the last step of FGA algorithm. We apply FGA to both the travel-time adjoint tomography and full waveform inversion FWI on synthetic crosswell seismic data with dominant frequencies as high as those of real crosswell data, and confirm again that FWI requires a more sophisticated initial velocity model for the convergence than travel-time adjoint tomography.
We also numerically test the accuracy of applying FGA to local earthquake tomography. This study paves the way to directly apply wave-equation-based seismic tomography methods into real data around their dominant frequencies. Seismic wave travel time calculation is the most common numerical operation in seismology.
The most efficient is travel time calculation in 1 D velocity model – for given source, receiver depths and angular distance time is calculated within fraction of a second.
Unfortunately, in most cases 1 D is not enough to encounter differentiating local and regional structures. Whenever possible travel time through 3 D velocity model has to be calculated. It can be achieved using ray calculation or time propagation in space.
While single ray path calculation is quick it is complicated to find windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn ray path that connects source with the receiver. Time propagation in space using Fast Marching Method seems more efficient in most cases, especially when there are multiple receivers. In this presentation final release of a Python module py Seismic FMM is presented – simple and very efficient tool for calculating travel time from sources to receivers.
Calculation requires regular 2 D or 3 D velocity grid either in Cartesian or geographic coordinates. On desktop class computer calculation speed is k grid cells per second. Calculation has to be performed once for every source location and provides travel time to all receivers. Development of this tool is a part of authors Ph D thesis. Fast 3 D elastic micro- seismic source location using new GPU features.
In this paper, we describe new GPU features and their applications in passive seismic – micro- seismic location. Locating micro- seismic events is quite important in seismic exploration, especially when searching for unconventional oil and gas resources. Different from the traditional ray-based methods, the wave equation method, such as the method we use in our paper, has a remarkable advantage in adapting to low signal-to-noise ratio conditions and does not need a person to select the data.
However, because it has a conspicuous deficiency due to its computation cost, these methods are windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn widely used in industrial fields. To make the method useful, we implement imaging-like wave equation micro- seismic location in a 3 D elastic media and use GPU to accelerate нажмите чтобы узнать больше algorithm.
We also introduce some new GPU features into the implementation to solve the data transfer and GPU utilization problems. We have developed a new cost-efficient technology for acquisition посмотреть еще high-resolution 3 D seismic windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn the P-Cable system.
This technology is very well suited for deep water exploration, site surveys, and studies of shallow gas and fluid migration associated with gas hydrates or leaking reservoirs. It delivers unparalleled 3 D seismic images of subsurface sediment architectures. The P-Cable system consists of a seismic cable towed perpendicular to a vessel’s steaming direction. This configuration allows us to windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn an up to m wide swath of the sub-surface for each sail line.
Conventional 3 D seismic technology relies on several very long streamers up to 10 km long streamers are commonlarge sources, and costly operations. In contrast, the P-Cable system is light-weight and fast to deploy from small vessels.
Only a small source is required as the system is made for relatively shallow imaging, typically above the first water-bottom multiple. The P-Cable system is particularly useful for acquisition of small 3 D cubes, km2, in focus areas, rather than extensive mapping of large regions.
The rapid deployment and recovery of the system makes it possible to acquire several small cubes 10 to 30 km2 with high-resolution Hz seismic data in during one cruise. Field trials using a streamer system were conducted on sites with active fluid-leakage systems on the Norwegian-Barents-Svalbard margin, the Gulf of Cadiz, and the Mediterranean.
The second phase of the development introduced digital streamers. The new P-Cable2 system also includes integrated tow and cross cables for power and data transmission and improved doors to spread the larger cross cable.
This digital system has been successfully used during six cruises by the University of Troms. Seismic wave propagation and amplification in complex media is a major issue in the field of seismology. To compute seismic wave propagation in complex geological structures such as in alluvial basins, various windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn methods have been proposed.
The main advantage of the Boundary Element Method BEM is that only the domain boundaries and possibly interfaces are discretized, leading to a reduction of the number of degrees of freedom. The main drawback of the free full 2020 download version autocad BEM is that the governing matrix is full and non- symmetric, which gives rise to high windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn and memory costs.
In other areas where the BEM is used electromagnetism, acousticsconsiderable speedup of solution time and decrease of memory requirements have been achieved through the development, over the last decade, of the Fast Multipole Method FMM. Moreover, the governing matrix is never explicitly formed, which leads to a storage requirement well below the memory necessary for holding the complete matrix.
In this work, the FMM is extended to the 3 – D frequency-domain elastodynamics and applied to the computation of seismic wave propagation in 3 – D. First, the diffraction of a plane wave or a point source by a 3 – D canyon is studied. The продолжить of the size of the meshed part of the free surface is studied, and computations are performed for non- dimensional frequencies higher than those considered in other studies thanks to windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn use of the FM-BEMwith which comparisons are made whenever possible.
The method is also applied to analyze the diffraction of a plane wave or a point source by a 3 – D alluvial basin. A parametrical study is performed on the effect of the shape of the basin. Time-lapse seismic windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn repeatability versus usefulness and 2 D versus 3 D. Time-lapse seismic has developed rapidly over the past decades, especially for monitoring of oil and gas reservoirs and subsurface storage of CO2.
I will review and discuss some of windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn critical enabling factors for the commercial success of this technology. It was early realized that how well we are able to repeat our seismic experiment is crucial. However, it is always a question of detectability versus repeatability.
For marine seismicthere are several factors limiting the repeatability: Weather conditions, positioning of sources and receivers and so on. I will discuss recent improvements in both acquisition and processing methods over the last decade.
It is well known that repeated 3 D seismic data is the most accurate tool for reservoir monitoring purposes.
However, several examples show that 2 D seismic data may be used for monitoring purposes despite lower repeatability. I will use examples from an underground blow out in the North Sea, and repeated 2 D seismic lines acquired before and after the Http://replace.me/18381.txt earthquake in to illustrate this.
A major challenge when using repeated 2 D seismic for subsurface monitoring purposes is the lack of 3 D calibration points and significantly less amount of data. For marine seismic acquisition, feathering issues and crossline dip effects become more critical compared to 3 D seismic acquisition. Furthermore, the uncertainties arising from a non-ideal 2 D seismic acquisition are hard to assess, since the 3 D subsurface geometry has not been mapped. One way to shed more light on this challenge is to use 3 D time lapse seismic читать далее testing various crossline dips or geometries.
Other ways are to use alternative data sources, such as bathymetry, time lapse gravity or electromagnetic data. The end result for all time-lapse monitoring projects is an interpretation associated with uncertainties, and for the перейти на страницу D case these uncertainties are often large. The purpose of this talk is to discuss how to reduces and control these.
Fast Script 3 D windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn a computer program, written in the Java 3 D TM programming language, that establishes an alternative language that helps users who lack expertise in Java 3 D to use Java 3 D for constructing three-dimensional 3 D -appearing graphics.
The Fast Script 3 D language provides a set of simple, intuitive, one-line text-string commands for creating, controlling, and animating 3 D models. The first word in a string is the name of a command; the rest of the string contains the data arguments for the command. The commands can also be used as an aid to learning Java 3 D. Developers can extend the language by adding custom text-string commands. The commands can define new 3 D objects or load representations of 3 D objects from files in formats compatible with such other software systems as X 3 D.
The text strings can be easily integrated into other languages. Fast Script 3 D facilitates communication between scripting languages [which enable programming of hyper-text markup language HTML documents to interact with читать and Java 3 D.
The Fast Script 3 D language can be extended and customized on both the scripting side and the Java 3 D side. ActiveSeismoPick 3 D – automatic first arrival determination for large active seismic arrays. We developed a tool for automatic determination of first arrivals in active seismic data based on an approach, windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn utilises higher order statistics HOS and the Akaike information criterion AICcommonly used in seismology, but not in active seismics.
Automatic picking is highly desirable in active seismics as the number of data provided by large seismic arrays идеи…нам download win 10 64 bit iso 2021 прощения exceeds of what an analyst can evaluate in a reasonable amount of time.
To bring the functionality of automatic phase picking into the context of active data, the software package ActiveSeismoPick 3 D was developed in Python. It uses a modified algorithm for the determination of first arrivals which searches for the HOS maximum in unfiltered data. Additionally, it offers tools for manual quality control and postprocessing, e. For flexibility, the tool also includes methods for the preparation of geometry information of large seismic arrays and improved interfaces to the Fast Marching Tomography Package FMTOMOwhich can be used for the prediction of travel times and inversion for subsurface properties.
Output files are generated in the VTK format, allowing the 3 D visualization of e. As a test case, a data set consisting of traces from 64 shots was gathered, recorded at receivers deployed in a regular 2 D array of a size of x m. ActiveSeismoPick 3 D automatically checks the determined first arrivals by a dynamic signal to noise ratio threshold. Integrated workstation generated structure, isopach and extracted horizon consistent, interval and windowed attributes are particularly useful in illustrating the complex structural and windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn prospectivity of deepwater Nigeria.
Large 3 – D seismic volumes acquired over square kilometers can be manipulated within the visualization system with attribute tracking capability that allows for real time data powerpoint download for windows 10 64 bit windows 10 1703 download iso itasca txn interpretation.
As in classical seismic stratigraphic studies, patternmore » recognition is fundamental to effective depositions facies interpretation and reservoir model construction. The 3 – D perspective enhances the data interpretation through clear representation of relative scale, spatial distribution and magnitude of attributes.
In deepwater Nigeria, many prospective traps rely on an interplay between syndepositional structure and slope turbidite depositional systems. Reservoir systems in many prospects appear to be dominated by unconfined to moderately focused slope feeder channel facies.
These units have spatially complex facies architecture with feeder channel axes separated by extensive interchannel areas. Structural culminations generally have a history of initial compressional folding with late in extensional collapse and accommodation faulting. The resulting complex trap configurations often have stacked reservoirs over intervals as thick as meters. Exploration, appraisal and development scenarios in these settings can be optimized by taking full advantage of integrating high resolution 3 – D visualization and seismic workstation interpretation.
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